Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Credit crunch
- New investor groups
- The urge to merge
- Niche products
- Retail ventures
- Listed life
- Down the liquidity curve
- Can you lend me a dime?
- Exchanging places
- Speed is of the essence
SECTION 01
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 01
The hedge fund industry – a status quo
By David Smith, Chief Investment Director, GAM Multi-manager
- Non-correlation – an empty claim?
- The first hedge fund
- Growth of hedge funds
- Illiquidity and the danger of ‘gap correlation’
- Cyclical and structural correlation drivers
- Seeking niches and best of breed
CHAPTER 02
Investment banks – a status quo
By David Walker
- Reversal of liquidity
- The great leverage unwind
- Shifting relationships
- Banks’ funds crumble
- Changing the PB rankings
SECTION 02
INVESTORS IN HEDGE FUNDS
CHAPTER 03
The changing face of capital introduction
By Jeremy Frommer, head of Global Prime Services, RBC Capital Markets
- Capital introduction – mirror of the hedge fund world
- Regulation restricts activities
- Brokers’ selective approach
- How cap intro is changing for fund managers
- Business infrastructure key
- Institutional investors – a broad church
- Changing face of events
Viewpoint: Cap intro with an Asian flavour
By Peter Douglas, Principal, GFIA
- Growth in Asian hedge fund industry
- Broker events
- Value of the cap intro function
- Global investor interest in Asia
- Room for improvement?
Viewpoint: European private placement regime
By Carmen Reynolds, partner, White and Case
- Pan-European private placement
- European Prospectus Directive
- Markets in Financial Instruments
- Directive (MiFID)
- The UK FSA’s approach
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CHAPTER 04
Sovereign wealth funds (SWF)
By David Walker
- Asia’s long-term hedge fund growth
- Local SWFs seek investments
- Asian hedge funds outperform
- Beyond equity long/short
- Illiquidity danger
- Future instrument growth
- Focus: SWFs, Antipodean-style
- Focus: SWF involvement in hedge funds
- Intelligence gathering
- Potential asset growth
- Hedge fund implications of SWF involvement
- Focus: SWF investment in alternative funds
CHAPTER 05
Marketing your hedge fund
By Bruce Frumerman, Partner, Frumerman & Nemeth Inc
- Numbers alone are not enough
- Sales marketing and communications marketing
- Case studies
- Cap intro from an investor’s perspective
- Third-party marketers
- Keys to marketing success
- Developing a storyline
CHAPTER 06
Pensions: the future for consultants and investment banks
By Phil Irvine, Director of Advisory Services, Liability Solutions
- Industry watershed
- 1995 Pensions Act
- Accounting for pensions
- Controversial suggestions
- Key reasons for banks’ involvement
- Consultants – gatekeepers no more?
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SECTION 03
PRIME BROKING
CHAPTER 07
Prime broking – the current situation
By David Walker
- New instruments in prime broking
- Hedge funds’ demands
- Regulatory challenges
- Sub-prime meltdown
- Algorithmic gymnastics
- Ballooning haircuts
- An uneasy relationship?
CHAPTER 08
What hedge funds should look for in prime brokerage staff structures
By David Walker
- Key questions to ask
- Avoiding siloed approaches
- Unravelling the acronyms
CHAPTER 09
New frontiers in structured credit
By Onur Cetin, Business Analyst, Product Management, Codefarm
- New investors, new rules
- Short buckets and macro hedging
- Active CDO management
- Restructuring
- Pricing, ratings and risk
- New markets, new products
- Defensive innovation
- Key future risk factors
Viewpoint: Goodbye Cayman Islands, hello UK?
By Louise Verrill, Partner in Bankruptcy and Corporate Restructuring & Peter Declercq, Structured Resolution Group, Brown Rudnick Berlack Israels
- Mark to market pain
- Cayman law outdated, inflexible
- COMI debate
- UK the next ‘safe haven’?
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CHAPTER 10
Distressed debt
By Michael Goldman, Managing Partner, Mazuma Capital Management
- Recent cycles of distressed debt
- Reading the clues to opportunity
- Credit crisis consequences
- Reflections of the past?
- Gloomy outlook brings opportunities
CHAPTER 11
Next-generation platform: achieving transparency and governance-led marketing advantages through ‘bounded rationality’
By Miroslaw Izienicki, President and CEO, Fifth Capital
- Transparency and good governance
- Quant and qualitative – a dangerous disconnection
- The need for a next-generation platform
- Cost downside?
- A survey and its results
- Accounting for the investment decision
- Limitations of the 'classical'approach
- Bounded rationality emphasises uncertainty
- Appreciate your limitations
- Normative cues
- Brand management
- Reputation
- A note on implementation
- Accounting for ‘value added’
- A summary action plan
CHAPTER 12
Liquidity products
By John Godden, Chief Executive Officer, IGS Group
- Credit crunch highlights leverage provision
- Providers’ exponential growth
- Banks account for risk
- Meeting Basel II demands
- Custody arrangements and flexibility key
- Helping banks help you
- Price is not all
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CHAPTER 13
Management in the face of activism
By S. Randy Lampert, Managing Director, Head of Business Development and Activist Response Group, Morgan Joseph & Co
- Activism in context
- Convergence of factors
- Market, regulatory, judicial factors
- Financial character of activist targets
- How activistm doubles expected returns
- Target types
- Management – the rules for engagement
CHAPTER 14
Freighting to the future
By James Leake and Erik Hansen, ICAP Hyde
- The freight derivatives market
- Forward Freight Agreements
- Dry
- Wet
- Freight options
- Recent market growth
- Key drivers of the market
- Dry
- Wet
CHAPTER 15
Agricultural derivatives: hedge funds drive market development
By Sebastian Barrack, Executive Director, Head of Agricultural Commodities and Investor Products, Macquarie
- In the beginning…
- The involvement of hedge funds
- The history of over-the-counter products
- The investment bank players
- Types of OTCs used by:
- Hedgers
- Hedge Funds
- Investors
- Where to now for OTC products?
- Why this time is different for derivatives
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CHAPTER 16
Metals investment: seeking sustainable value in a cyclical sector
By Trevor Steel, Chief Investment Officer and Founding Partner, Baker Steel Capital Managers
- Underlying case is intact
- Finite mine life drives expansion
- China, India drive demand
- Know your fundamentals
- Gold’s unique qualities
- Demand remains robust
CHAPTER 17
Emerging markets and securities lending
By Paul Wilson, Global head of Sales and Client Management for Securities Lending, JPMorgan
- BRIC’s GDP soars, interest grows
- Discretionary lending
- Demand and risk
- Lending models on offer
- Countries are realising SBL benefits
- EM lending hazards
- Accessing new markets
CHAPTER 18
The future of prime brokerage
By Sameer Shalaby, CEO, Paladyne Systems
- Evolving relationship with prime brokers
- Hedge funds in driver’s seat
- Multi-prime movers – pros and pitfalls
- Roadmap for prime brokers
- Institutional pressure mounts
- ‘Hearsay’ reporting
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SECTION 04
CONVERGENCE OF HEDGE FUNDS
CHAPTER 19
Hedge funds and private equity: an interview with Jon Moulton, managing partner, Alchemy Partners
By David Walker
- Jury out on hedge fund skill
- Over-reliance on spreadsheets
- PEQ experts enlisted
- Valuations a sticking point
- PEQ targets hedge funds
CHAPTER 20
SPACs: opportunities and issues for alternative asset managers
By Tina Pappas, Managing Director, Head of SPAC Capital Markets, Morgan Joseph & Co. Inc
- SPAC characteristics
- Shareholder strength
- Advantages over PEQ
- Disadvantages
- Investment flexibility
- Cooling market
CHAPTER 21
130/30: extension strategies in a changing investment landscape
By Andrew Wilson, Managing Director, European Equity Finance, Merrill Lynch
- 130/30 explained
- US pensions buy in, Europe follows
- Implementation of 130/30: challenges and considerations
- The broader UCITS III opportunity
- Asia’s future promise?
- Does 130/30 actually outperform?
- The path to retail – pros and cons
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CHAPTER 22
Asset-backed lending
By David Walker
- Filling the lending gap
- Higher quality deal flow
- Regulation – Basel II bites banks
- Lure of non-correlation
- ABL activities broaden scope
SECTION 05
RESEARCH AND INVESTMENT
BANKS’ ANCILLARY SERVICES
CHAPTER 23
Research: opportunities for alternative providers
By Peter Molloy and Neil Shah, Directors, Edison Investment
- Research
- Now vs then
- Spoiled for choice
- Changing requirements
- Tactical data still worth paying for
- Research’s role in compliance
- Research – beyond the PDF
- Crucial questions for providers
CHAPTER 24
Sharia-compliant funds and investment banks' role in their making
By Dr Hussein Hassan, Director of Islamic Finance Structuring, and Manar Mahmassani, DeutscheBank UAE
- Sizing the market and the opportunity
- Identifying the key drivers
- Rising sophistication
- Managing Sharia-compliant hedge funds
- Structural challenges
- Sharia-compliant private equity: “the next big thing”
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SECTION 06
LEGAL AND REGULATORY
CHAPTER 25
Long-only and long/short – an embedded conflict?
By Owen Watkins, Senior Consultant, Kaye Scholer
- 130/30 and UCITS III – conflict accidents waiting to happen?
- The FSA’s conflicts of interest requirements
- MiFID’s requirements explained
- Concrete steps to handle conflicts of interest
- Where conflicts can arise
CHAPTER 26
MiFID: truly best execution
By Roger Turner, Partner & Jamie Parkes, Manager, Financial Services
- Regulatory Practice,
- PricewaterhouseCoopers
- MiFID and best execution
- Drafting best execution policies – the must-haves
- Retail considerations
- Investment bank considerations
- Safeguards and annual review
SECTION 07
EXCHANGES AND IT
CHAPTER 27
Dark liquidity
By Frédéric Ponzo, Managing Director, NET2S
- MiFID and locating dark liquidity
- The challenge of best execution
- How to achieve best execution in a fragmented universe
- What does best execution mean for the buy-side?
- Worst execution and best selection
- Should funds turn to the dark side?
- What of the proverbial wizards from the hedge-funds?
- Is MiFID worth it?
- Is fragmentation really happening?
- MiFID’s costs – 10-year breakeven?
- Algorithms to the rescue
- Best execution and investment banks
- Conclusion – MiFID has true value
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CHAPTER 28
Independent vendors versus bank platforms: new requirements for an increasingly sophisticated marketplace
By Ary Khatchikian, President and Chief Technology Officer, Portware
- Limitations of broker execution management systems
- Funds at brokers’ mercy?
- Meeting demands of a dynamic trading environment
- The benefits of being brokerneutrality
- Why one size does not fit all
CHAPTER 29
Intelligent algorithms: the next generation
By John Bates, Managing Director, Progress Apama
- Market drivers
- Customisation is key
- Moving across asset classes
- Moving across fragmented pools
- Regulation – policing the trade in real-time
- Genetic algos – future insight
CHAPTER 30
Quant systems: where to now for systematic approaches after summer 2007?
By George Nakou, Senior Investment Systems Advisor, Altis
- Partners
- Bad press for quantitative strategies
- Surprising academic explanation
- Curse of correlation
- CTAs: The ‘other’ quants
- Managed futures’ dangerous growth
- An unhealthy meeting of minds
- Technology is (only part of) the answer
- ‘Market coherence’ – the way forward?
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SECTION 08
INDUSTRY ISSUES
CHAPTER 31
M&A: hedge fund managers’ urge to converge
by Benjamin Phillips, Managing Director, Jefferies Putnam Lovell
- Hedge funds still hold the talent
- Industry M&A trend predictions
- Reasons for consolidation
- Accelerating convergence
- How to play in the M&A game
- Buyers become more selective
CHAPTER 32
Incubation and start-ups
by Ian Morley, CEO, Dawnay, Day International Limited
- The due diligence process
- How to get it right
- The psychology of backing startups
- Managing the business
- Hedge fund hotels – on unstable foundations?
- Incubation and prime brokerage
- Minnows – worth backing nevertheless?
- Search for the Holy Grail
CHAPTER 33
The hedge fund of the future
by Tom Brown, Partner and European Head of Investment Management Funds & Giles Drury, Senior Manager, Alternative Investments Group, KPMG
- Will hedge funds become simply ideas machines’?
- Starting a fund – moving barriers to entry
- Why size (still) matters
- Do funds create value just through ideas?
- Could a hedge fund become an ideas machine’?
- Is there a risk of becoming a commodity?
- Are prime brokers dependable bedfellows?
- Regulatory concerns
- Lessons learned – how the future will look
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CHAPTER 34
Listing funds
By David Walker
- Trends to watch in 2009
- Boards step in
- Funds favour London
- Why some banks are failing funds
- Favourable fees
- Range of investors expands
- Reasons to list
CHAPTER 35
Cluster analysis: performance under pressure
By David Aldrich, Bank of New York & Rory Knight, Oxford Metrica
- The rise of replication of returns
- Correlation and covariance of returns
- Hedge funds challenge indices
- Cluster analysis useful for hedge fund classification
- Risk/return plane charts performance
- Funds of funds clusters
- Surprising findings
APPENDICES
Comprehensive data on hedge fund performance around the world.
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LIST OF TABLES
- T4.1 Sovereign wealth funds
- T12.1 Activist targets and associated demands
- T12.2 Dealing with activists
- T13.1 Annual fleet growth, Cape to Handy, 2008-2010
- T13.2 Annual fleet growth, VLCC to Panamax, 2008-2010
- T16.1 Percent change per annum in real GDP growth, 2005-2009
- T20.1 Asset-based lending strategy returns correlation, 01/01/00-01/02/07
- T20.2 Asset-based lending strategy returns correlation, 03/01/07-01/02/08
- T24.1 Hedge funds vs. traditional funds
- T30.1 Largest hedge fund and fund of hedge fund transactions by acquired AUM, 2007
LIST OF FIGURES
- F1 Hedge fund net flows and AUM, 1990–2007 (US$m)
- F2 Fund of hedge funds net flows and AUM, 1990–2007 (US$m)
- F3 Strategy by %
- F4 Distribution of hedge fund assets (%)
- F1.1 Total number of hedge funds / FoHFs, 1990–2007
- F2.1 Comparative riskiness of prime broker portfolios
- F3.1 Estimated number of hedge funds globally by regional investment focus, 2002–Q1 2008
- F3.2 Asia-focused hedge funds – estimated asset growth, 2002–Q1 2008 (US$m)
- F3.3 Growth of hedge fund assets by regional investment focus, 2002–Q1 2008 (US$m)
- F3.4 Management firm location of Asia-focused hedge funds
- F4.1 Return and volatility of equities and oil
- F4.2 Top global fund managers (US$trn)
- F4.3 High influence of SWFs vs. size
- F6.1 Prime broker share of the global market
- F6.2 Usage of prime broking services by hedge funds
- F9.1 Bankruptcy cycle
- F9.2 Annual corporate defaults by number of issuers, 1981- 2007
- F9.3 Quarterly global corporate defaulting debt amount, Q1 2000-Q3 2007
- F9.4 12-month US speculativegrade default rate is expected to rise to the historical average level
- F9.5 Yearly rate of return, Dec 1990-Dec 2007
- F12.1 Success rate of seven most common activist demands
- F12.2 Activist strategies and alpha creation
- F12.3 2007 Proxy fight analysis: composition by target type
- F13.1 Baltic time charter averages
- F13.2 Baltic 5yo prices
- F13.3 Most liquid dry freight derivative contracts
- F13.4 Baltic tanker indices
- F13.5 Baltic 5yo prices
- F13.6 Most liquid tanker freight derivative contracts
- F14.1 Corn – non commercial futures-only contracts, 1995-2008
- F14.2 Over the counter transactions: agriculturals markets are still at early stages
- F14.3 Investment in commodity index funds are soaring, 1993-2008f
- F14.4 Index position of agricultural commodities (US$), Jan 2006-Mar 2008
- F14.5 The oil share, 02/01/08-23/04/08
- F14.6 Energy versus agriculture correlations, 01/07/04-01/07/07
- F15.1 Emerging economies beginning to dominate demand for metal
- F15.2 Decreasing supply, 1993-2007f
- F15.3 Mining M&A activity, 2000-2007ytd
- F15.4 Value to be found in mining equities (HSBC GlobalMining Index and Copper Price), 2000-2008
- F15.5 Gold mining industry supply challenges similar to other commodities
- F16.1 Real GDP growth (% change per annum), 2005-2009: World, high-income and developing countries
- F16.2 Real GDP growth (% change per annum), 2005-2009: World, high-income and developing countries, plus selected others
- F19.1 130/30 structure
- F19.2 Swap-only option
- F20.1 Hedge fund strategy performance
- F23.1 The Islamic asset management opportunity lies mostly within the GCC
- F23.2 MENASA countries exhibit the best blend of economic parameters
- F23.3 MENASA real GDP growth, 2002-2006
- F26.1 The liquidity tunnel
- F27.1 A closer look: algorithmic trading requirements
- F27.2 Broker EMSs: the swivel chair problem
- F27.3 Advanced EMS: consolidated liquidity
- F28.1 Market factors influencing algorithms
- F28.2 Complex event processing market growth in capital markets
- F29.1 Historic versus forecast correlations showing buildup and dissipation of market coherence
- F30.1 Historical transaction activity involving asset management targets, 1997-2007
- F30.2 Jefferies Putnam Lovell Global Asset Management Index Performance, 2002-2007
- F30.3 Cross-border transactions in asset management: US versus ex-US, 2000-2007
- F33.1 Growth in assets by type (£m), Dec 1996-Dec 2006
- F33.2 Growth in assets by listing exchange (£m), Dec 1996-Dec 2006
- F33.3 Dexion Absolute Ltd (gross assets in £m), Dec 2002-Dec2007
- F33.4 Average discounts of LSElisted fund of hedge funds, Dec 2001-Dec 2008
- F33.5 Monthly traded volume of LSE-listed hedge funds (£m), Apr 2001-April 2007
- F34.1 Cluster analysis process
- F34.2 Fund dimension – 1 of 3019
- F34.3 Stable clusters total risk and return
- F34.4 Stable clusters risk composition
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APPENDIX:
- A1 Top 25 funds in each investment strategy, ranked by past 36-month performance
- A2 Top 25 funds in each region of fund managers' location, ranked by past 36-month performance
- A3 Top 30 funds ranked by performance over the past 36 months
- A4 Top 30 funds ranked by fewest negative months over the past 36 months
- A5 Top 30 funds ranked by lowest annualised volatility over the past 36 months
- A6 Details of closed-ended funds
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